Abstract
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC), inowanzonzi diamond composite, yakashandura indasitiri yekugadzira machina nekuda kwekuoma kwayo, kusapfeka, uye kugadzikana kwekupisa. Iri bepa rinopa ongororo yakadzama yezvinhu zvePDC, maitiro ekugadzira, uye maapplication epamberi mukunyatso machining. Iyo hurukuro inovhara basa rayo mukucheka-kumhanya-mhanya, ultra-chaiyo kugaya, micro-machining, uye aerospace chikamu chekugadzira. Pamusoro pezvo, matambudziko akadai semitengo yakakwira yekugadzira uye brittleness inogadziriswa, pamwe chete nemafambiro emangwana muPDC tekinoroji.
1. Nhanganyaya
Precision machining inoda zvinhu zvine hurema hwepamusoro, kusimba, uye kugadzikana kwemafuta kuti uwane micron-level chaiyo. Zvishandiso zvechinyakare zvematurusi zvakaita se tungsten carbide uye simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya kazhinji inodonha mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya, zvichitungamira mukutorwa kwezvinhu zvepamberi sePolycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC). PDC, inogadzirwa nedhaimani-yakavakirwa zvinhu, inoratidza kuita kusingaenzaniswi mukugadzira zvinhu zvakaoma uye zvakaputsika, zvinosanganisira ceramics, macomposites, uye simbi dzakaomeswa.
Iri bepa rinoongorora zvakakosha zvimiro zvePDC, hunyanzvi hwayo hwekugadzira, uye neshanduko yayo yekuchinja pane chaiyo machining. Uyezve, inoongorora matambudziko aripo uye kufambira mberi mune ramangwana muPDC tekinoroji.
2. Material Properties yePDC
PDC ine mutsetse wepolycrystalline diamond (PCD) yakasungirirwa kune tungsten carbide substrate pasi pepamusoro-kudzvanywa, kwepamusoro-tembiricha (HPHT) mamiriro. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
2.1 Kunyanya Kuoma uye Kupfeka Kuramba
Dhaimondi ndiyo yakaomesesa inozivikanwa zvinhu (Mohs kuomarara kwegumi), ichiita PDC yakanakira machining abrasive zvinhu.
Superior kupfeka kuramba kunowedzera hupenyu hwechishandiso, kuderedza nguva yekudzikira mune chaiyo machining.
2.2 High Thermal Conductivity
Kunyatsopisa kupisa kunodzivirira kupisa kwemafuta panguva yekumhanya-mhanya machining.
Inoderedza kupfeka kwezvishandiso uye inonatsiridza kupera kwepamusoro.
2.3 Kugadzikana Kwemakemikari
Inopokana nemaitiro emakemikari ane ferrous uye asiri-ferrous zvinhu.
Inoderedza kushatiswa kwezvishandiso munzvimbo dzinoora.
2.4 Kutsemuka Kuoma
Iyo tungsten carbide substrate inokwidziridza kupikisa, kuderedza kuputika uye kutsemuka.
3. Manufacturing Process yePDC
Kugadzirwa kwePDC kunosanganisira akati wandei matanho akakosha:
3.1 Diamond Powder Synthesis
Synthetic diamond zvidimbu zvinogadzirwa kuburikidza neHPHT kana kemikari vapor deposition (CVD).
3.2 Sintering process
Dhaimondi poda inosiirwa pane tungsten carbide substrate pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (5-7 GPa) uye tembiricha (1,400-1,600 ° C).
Metallic catalyst (semuenzaniso, cobalt) inofambisa diamond-kune-dhaimondi kubatana.
3.3 Mushure mekugadzirisa
Laser kana yemagetsi discharge machining (EDM) inoshandiswa kugadzira PDC kuita maturusi ekucheka.
Kurapa kwepamusoro kunowedzera kunamatira uye kuderedza kusara kunetseka.
4. Zvikumbiro mu Precision Machining
4.1 Kuchekwa Kwekukurumidza Kwezvinhu Zvisina Feri
Zvishandiso zvePDC zvinokunda mukugadzira aluminium, mhangura, uye kabhoni fiber composites.
Zvishandiso mumotokari (piston machining) uye zvemagetsi (PCB milling).
4.2 Ultra-Precision Kukuya kweOptical Components
Inoshandiswa mukugadzira lens uye girazi kugadzirwa kwema lasers uye telescopes.
Inowana sub-micron pamusoro roughness (Ra <0.01 µm).
4.3 Micro-Machining yeMishonga Midziyo
PDC micro-drills uye kupera zvigayo zvinogadzira zvinhu zvakaomarara mumidziyo yekuvhiya uye maimplants.
4.4 Aerospace Chikamu Machining
Machining titanium alloys uye CFRP (carbon fiber-reinforced polymers) ine kushoma turusi kupfeka.
4.5 Yepamberi Ceramics uye Yakaomeswa Simbi Machining
PDC inodarika cubic boron nitride (CBN) mukugadzira silicon carbide uye tungsten carbide.
5. Matambudziko uye Mamiriro ezvinhu
5.1 Mari Yekugadzira Yakakwirira
HPHT synthesis uye mari yedhaimani yemidziyo inomisa kupararira kutorwa.
5.2 Kufembera Pakuvhiringwa Kucheka
Zvishandiso zvePDC zvinowanzoita chipping kana uchigadzira nzvimbo dzisingaendereki.
5.3 Kudzikira kweKupisa paKupisa Kwepamusoro
Graphitization inoitika pamusoro pe700 ° C, ichidzikamisa kushandiswa mukuoma machining ezvigadzirwa zveferrous.
5.4 Yakaganhurirwa Kuenderana neFerrous Metals
Kemikari kuita nesimbi kunotungamira mukupfeka nekukurumidza.
6. Future Trends uye Innovations
6.1 Nano-Yakarongwa PDC
Kubatanidzwa kwe nano-diamond zviyo kunowedzera kuomarara uye kupfeka kuramba.
6.2 Hybrid PDC-CBN Zvishandiso
Kubatanidza PDC ne cubic boron nitride (CBN) yeferrous metal machining.
6.3 Additive Manufacturing yePDC Zvishandiso
3D kudhinda kunogonesa yakaoma geometries kune akajairwa machining mhinduro.
6.4 Advanced Coatings
Madhaimondi-akafanana nekabhoni (DLC) machira anowedzera kuvandudza hupenyu hwematurusi.
7. Mhedziso
PDC yave yakakosha mukugadzira machining, ichipa kuita kusingaenzaniswi mukucheka-kumhanya-mhanya, kugaya kwekupedzisira, uye micro-machining. Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvakaita semitengo yakakwira uye brittleness, kufambira mberi kuri kuitika musainzi yezvinhu uye matekiniki ekugadzira anovimbisa kuwedzera mashandisiro ayo mberi. Hutsva hutsva, hunosanganisira nano-yakaumbwa PDC uye hybrid chishandiso dhizaini, ichasimbisa basa rayo muchizvarwa chinotevera machining matekinoroji.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-07-2025
