PCD chishandiso chakagadzirwa nepolycrystalline diamond banga tip uye carbide matrix kuburikidza nekushisa kwakanyanya uye yakanyanya kudzvanywa sintering. Izvo hazvigone kungopa kutamba kwakazara kune zvakanakira kuomarara kwepamusoro, yakakwirira yekupisa conductivity, yakaderera friction coefficient, yakaderera thermal yekuwedzera coefficient, diki hukama nesimbi uye isiri-simbi, yakakwira elastic modulus, hapana kutsemuka kwepamusoro, isotropic, asi zvakare funga nezve simba repamusoro reiyo yakaoma alloy.
Thermal kugadzikana, kusimba kwekukanganisa uye kupfeka kuramba ndiwo makuru ekuita zviratidzo zvePCD. Nemhaka yokuti inonyanya kushandiswa mukupisa kwepamusoro uye kushushikana kwakanyanya, kugadzikana kwekushisa ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti kugadzikana kwekupisa kwePCD kune simba guru pakupfeka kwayo kuramba uye kuoma kwesimba. Iyo data inoratidza kuti kana tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura 750 ℃, kuramba kupfeka uye kuomarara kwePCD kunowanzo kuderera ne5% -10%.
Iyo crystal state yePCD inosarudza zvimiro zvayo. Mune microstructure, kabhoni maatomu anoumba covalent zvisungo ane maatomu mana ari padyo, anowana iyo tetrahedral chimiro, uye obva agadzira iyo atomiki crystal, ine kutaridzika kwakasimba uye kusunga simba, uye kuomarara kwepamusoro. Iwo makuru ekuita indexes ePCD ndeaya anotevera: ① kuoma kunogona kusvika 8000 HV, 8-12 nguva dzecarbide; ② thermal conductivity ndeye 700W / mK, 1.5-9 nguva, kunyange yakakwirira kupfuura PCBN nemhangura; ③ friction coefficient inowanzongoita 0.1-0.3, yakaderera pane 0.4-1 ye carbide, zvakanyanya kuderedza simba rekucheka; ④ thermal yekuwedzera coefficient inongova 0.9x10-6-1.18x10-6,1 / 5 yecarbide, iyo inogona kuderedza deformation yekupisa uye kugadzirisa kurongeka; ⑤ uye zvisiri-metallic zvinhu zvine hukama hushoma kuumba nodule.
Cubic boron nitride ine yakasimba oxidation kuramba uye inogona kugadzira iron-ine zvinhu, asi kuomarara kwakadzikira pane imwechete yekristaro diamondi, kumhanya kwekugadzirisa kunononoka uye kushanda kwacho kwakadzikira. Iyo imwechete crystal diamond ine kuoma kwakanyanya, asi kuomarara hakuna kukwana. Anisotropy inoita kuti zvive nyore kuparadzanisa pamwe (111) pasi pasi pesimba rekunze kwesimba, uye kushanda kwekugadzirisa kunogumira. PCD ipolymer inogadzirwa ne micron-saizi madhaimondi masisitimu neimwe nzira. Hunhu hwenyonganiso hwekuunganidzirwa kwezvimedu zvinotungamira kune macroscopic isotropic chimiro, uye hapana chinotungamira uye chakatsemuka chepamusoro musimba rekusimba. Kuenzaniswa nedhaimondi rimwechete-kristaro, muganho wezviyo wePCD zvinonyatso kudzikisa iyo anisotropy uye inokwidziridza ma mechanic properties.
1. Dhizaini misimboti yePCD yekucheka zvishandiso
(1) Kusarudzwa kunonzwisisika kwePCD particle size
Theoretically, PCD inofanira kuedza kunatsa zviyo, uye kugoverwa kwezvinowedzera pakati pezvigadzirwa zvinofanira kuva zvakafanana sezvinobvira kukunda anisotropy. Sarudzo yePCD particle size inobatanawo nemamiriro ekugadzirisa. Kazhinji kutaura, PCD ine simba rakawanda, kusimba kwakanaka, kuramba kwakanaka uye zviyo zvakatsetseka zvinogona kushandiswa kupedzisa kana kupedzisa kwepamusoro, uye PCD yezviyo zvakakasharara inogona kushandiswa kune yakajairwa machining. Iyo PCD particle size inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kupfeka kwechishandiso. Mabhuku akakodzera anoratidza kuti kana zviyo zvakasvibirira zvakakura, kupikisa kupfeka zvishoma nezvishoma kunowedzera nekuderera kwehukuru hwezviyo, asi kana chiyero chezviyo chiri chiduku zvikuru, mutemo uyu haushandi.
Zviyedzo zvinoenderana zvakasarudza ina yehupfu yedhaimondi ine avhareji saizi ye10um, 5um, 2um uye 1um, uye zvakagumiswa kuti: ① Nekudzikira kwechikamu chehukuru hwezvakagadzirwa, Co inopararira zvakaenzana; nekudzikira kwe ②, kushomeka kwekupfeka uye kupisa kupisa kwePCD kwakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma.
(2) Sarudzo inonzwisisika yefomu yemuromo weblade uye ukobvu hweblade
Chimiro chemuromo weblade chinonyanya kusanganisira zvimiro zvina: inverted edge, blunt denderedzwa, inverted edge blunt denderedzwa inoumbwa uye inopinza kona. Iyo inopinza angular chimiro inoita kuti mupendero unopinza, kukurumidza kucheka kunokurumidza, kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya simba rekucheka uye burr, kuvandudza kunaka kwepamusoro kwechigadzirwa, inonyanya kukodzera kune yakaderera silicon aluminium alloy uye imwe yakaderera kuoma, yunifomu isina-ferrous metal finishing. Iyo obtuse yakatenderedza chimiro inogona kupfuudza muromo weblade, ichigadzira R Angle, zvinodzivirira kudzivirira blade kutyoka, yakakodzera kugadzirisa yepakati / yakakwira silicon aluminium alloy. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha, senge kudzika kwekucheka kudzika uye kudyisa kwebanga diki, iyo blunt round structure inosarudzwa. Iyo inverted mupendero chimiro inogona kuwedzera mipendero uye makona, kudzikamisa blade, asi panguva imwe chete ichawedzera kudzvanywa uye kucheka kuramba, zvakanyanya kukodzera kune inorema mutoro kucheka yakakwira silicon aluminium alloy.
Kuti ufambise EDM, kazhinji sarudza yakaonda PDC sheet layer (0.3-1.0mm), pamwe neiyo carbide layer, iyo yakazara ukobvu yechishandiso inenge 28mm. Iyo carbide layer haifanire kunge yakanyanya kukora kudzivirira stratification inokonzerwa nemusiyano wekushushikana pakati penzvimbo dzekubatanidza
2, PCD chishandiso chekugadzira maitiro
Iyo yekugadzira maitiro ePCD chishandiso inosarudza zvakananga kuita kwekucheka uye hupenyu hwesevhisi yechishandiso, inova kiyi yekushandiswa kwayo nekusimudzira. Iyo nzira yekugadzira yePCD chishandiso inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5.
(1) Kugadzirwa kwePCD composite mapiritsi (PDC)
① Kugadzira maitiro ePDC
PDC inowanzo umbwa nehupfu hwedhaimondi hwechisikigo kana hwekugadzira uye inosungira mumiriri pakupisa kwakanyanya (1000-2000 ℃) uye kudzvanywa kwepamusoro (5-10 atm). Iyo inosunga inoumba bhiriji rinosunga neTiC, Sic, Fe, Co, Ni, nezvimwewo sezvikamu zvikuru, uye kristaro yedhaimondi yakanyudzwa muskeleton yebhiriji rinosunga muchimiro checovalent bond. PDC inowanzogadzirwa kuita madhisiki ane dhayamita yakatarwa uye ukobvu, uye kukuya nekukwenenzverwa uye kumwe kunoenderana kwemuviri nemakemikari kurapwa. Muchidimbu, iyo yakanakira fomu yePDC inofanirwa kuchengetedza yakanakisa hunhu hwemadhaimondi ekristaro imwe chete sezvinobvira, saka, izvo zvinowedzera mumuviri unopisa zvinofanirwa kuve zvishoma sezvinobvira, panguva imwe chete, iyo particle DD bond musanganiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira,
② Kuronga uye kusarudzwa kwevanosunga
Iyo binder ndiyo inonyanya kukosha inokanganisa kugadzikana kwekupisa kwePCD chishandiso, iyo inobata zvakananga kuoma kwayo, kupfeka kusagadzikana uye kugadzikana kwekupisa. Yakajairika PCD nzira dzekubatanidza ndeidzi: iron, cobalt, nickel uye mamwe masimbi ekuchinja. Co uye W yakasanganiswa poda yakashandiswa sechisungo chekubatanidza, uye kushanda kwakazara kwePCD yekupisa kwaive kwakanakisa apo kudzvanywa kweiyo synthesis yaive 5.5 GPa, tembiricha yekupisa yaive 1450 ℃ uye insulation ye4min. SiC, TiC, WC, TiB2, uye zvimwe zvinhu zveceramic. SiC Kugadzikana kwekupisa kweSiC kuri nani pane kuya kweCo, asi kuomarara uye kutsemuka kuomarara kwakadzikira. Kudzikiswa kwakaringana kwehukuru hwemidziyo inogona kuvandudza kuoma uye kuoma kwePCD. Hapana chinonamira, chine graphite kana mamwe kabhoni masosi mune yekupedzisira-yepamusoro tembiricha uye yakanyanya kupiswa yakapiswa kuita nanoscale polymer diamond (NPD). Kushandisa graphite seanotangira kugadzirira NPD ndiyo inonyanya kudiwa mamiriro, asi iyo yekugadzira NPD ine yakanyanya kuoma uye yakanakisa michina zvivakwa.
Kusarudzwa uye kutonga kwe ③ zviyo
Iyo mbishi yedhaimani poda chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kuita kwePCD. Pretreating diamond micropowder, kuwedzera hushoma hwezvinhu zvinokanganisa kukura kwemadhaimani particles kukura uye zvine musoro sarudzo ye sintering additives inogona kutadzisa kukura kweabnormal diamond particles.
Yakakwira yakachena NPD ine yunifomu chimiro inogona kunyatso bvisa iyo anisotropy uye nekuwedzera kunatsiridza ma mechanic zvivakwa. Iyo nanographite precursor poda yakagadzirwa nepamusoro-simba bhora rekukuya nzira yakashandiswa kugadzirisa okisijeni pane yakanyanya tembiricha pre-sintering, kushandura graphite kuita diamondi pasi pe18 GPa uye 2100-2300 ℃, ichigadzira lamella uye granular NPD, uye kuoma kwakawedzera nekudzikira kwelamella ukobvu.
④ Kunonoka kurapwa kwemakemikari
Panguva imwecheteyo tembiricha (200 ° ℃) uye nguva (20h), iyo cobalt yekubvisa mhedzisiro yeLewis acid-FeCl3 yaive nani zvakanyanya pane iyo yemvura, uye iyo yakakwana reshiyo yeHCl yaive 10-15g / 100ml. Kugadzikana kwekupisa kwePCD kunovandudza sezvo kudzika kwecobalt kunowedzera. Kune yakakura-grained kukura PCD, yakasimba asidhi kurapwa inogona kubvisa zvachose Co, asi ine simba guru pakuita kwepolymer; kuwedzera TiC uye WC kushandura iyo yakagadzirwa polycrystal chimiro uye kusanganisa neakasimba asidhi kurapwa kuvandudza kugadzikana kwePCD. Parizvino, nzira yekugadzirira yePCD zvinhu iri kuvandudzwa, kusimba kwechigadzirwa kwakanaka, iyo anisotropy yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, yaona kugadzirwa kwekutengesa, maindasitiri ane hukama ari kukura nekukurumidza.
(2) Kugadziriswa kwePCD blade
① nzira yekucheka
PCD ine kuoma kwakanyanya, kunaka kupfeka kuramba uye yakanyanya kuoma kucheka maitiro.
② welding maitiro
PDC uye muviri webanga nemuchina simbi, kubatanidza uye brazing. Brazing ndeyekudzvanya PDC pane carbide matrix, kusanganisira vacuum brazing, vacuum diffusion welding, high frequency induction heat brazing, laser welding, etc. High frequency induction heat brazing ine mari shoma uye kudzoka kwakakwirira, uye yakashandiswa zvikuru. Hunhu hwewelding hunoenderana nekuyerera, welding alloy uye welding tembiricha. Welding tembiricha (kazhinji yakaderera pane 700 ° ℃) ine yakanyanya kukanganisa, tembiricha yakawandisa, nyore kukonzera PCD graphitization, kana kunyange "kupfuta-kupisa", iyo inokanganisa zvakananga iyo welding mhedzisiro, uye yakanyanya kuderera tembiricha inotungamira kune isina kukwana welding simba. Iyo tembiricha yekudziya inogona kudzorwa nenguva yekuisa uye kudzika kwePCD redness.
③ nzira yekukuya
PCD chishandiso kukuya maitiro ndiyo kiyi yekugadzira maitiro. Kazhinji, kukosha kwepamusoro kwebanga uye blade iri mukati me5um, uye arc radius iri mukati me4um; kumberi uye kumashure kwekucheka kwepamusoro kunovimbisa kumwe kupera kwepamusoro, uye kunyange kuderedza kumberi kwekucheka kwepamusoro Ra kusvika ku 0.01 μ m kuti isangane negirazi zvinodiwa, ita kuti machipisi ayerere pamwe nechemberi kwebanga uye kudzivirira banga rinonamatira.
Kukuya kweblade kunosanganisira dhaimondi kugaya vhiri mechanical blade kugaya, electric spark blade grinding (EDG), metal binder super hard abrasive grinding vhiri pamhepo electrolytic finishing blade grinding (ELID), composite blade grinding machining. Pakati pavo, dhaimondi rinokuya vhiri mechanical blade grinding ndiro rakanyanya kukura, rinonyanya kushandiswa.
Zviyedzo zvinoenderana: ① vhiri rekukuya rinoita kuti blade idonhe, uye saizi yeguyo inodzikira, uye kunaka kweblade kunova nani; saizi ye ② giya rekukuya ine hukama zvakanyanya nemhando yeblade yeyakatsetseka particle kana ultrafine particle PCD maturusi, asi ine shoma mhedzisiro pane coarse particle PCD zvishandiso.
Tsvagiridzo inoenderana kumba nekune dzimwe nyika inonyanya kutarisisa maitiro uye maitiro ekukuya blade. Muchigayo chekukuya, kubvisa thermochemical uye kubviswa kwemuchina ndiko kwakanyanya, uye kubvisa brittle uye kubvisa kuneta kudiki. Kana uchikuya, zvinoenderana nesimba uye kupisa kwekudzivirira kweakasiyana anosunga madhaimani mavhiri ekukuya, kunatsiridza kumhanya uye swing frequency yeguyo rinokuya nepazvinobvira, kudzivirira brittleness uye kubvisa kuneta, kunatsiridza chikamu chekubvisa thermochemical, uye kuderedza kushata kwepamusoro. Kuomarara kwepamusoro kwekukuya kwakadzikira, asi zviri nyore nekuda kwekupisa kwekushisa kwepamusoro, kupisa chishandiso pamusoro,
Kukuya kweblade kunoda kutarisisa kune: ① sarudza inonzwisisika blade kugaya maitiro paramita, inogona kuita kuti muromo wemupendero uwedzere kunaka, kumberi nekumashure blade kumusoro kupedzisa. Zvisinei, fungawo simba guru rekukuya, kurasikirwa kukuru, kushanda kwakaderera kwekukuya, mari yakakwirira; ② sarudza inonzwisisika vhiri vhiri mhando, kusanganisira binder mhando, particle size, concentration, binder, grinding wheel dressing, ine zvine musoro yakaoma uye yakanyorova blade yekukuya mamiriro, inogona kukwirisa chishandiso kumberi nekona yekumashure, banga tip passivation value uye mamwe ma paramita, uku uchivandudza kunaka kwechishandiso.
Yakasiyana inosunga madhaimondi ekukuya vhiri ane hunhu hwakasiyana, uye akasiyana kugaya nzira uye mhedzisiro. Resin binder diamond vhiri rejecha rakapfava, Kukuya zvimedu zviri nyore kudonha nguva isati yakwana, Kusave nekudzivirira kupisa, Iyo yepamusoro inokanganisika nyore nekupisa, Blade grinding surface inopfeka mavanga, Huru kukwasharara; Metal binder diamond grinding vhiri rinochengetwa rakapinza nekukuya kupwanya, Kuumbwa kwakanaka, kukwirisa, Kuderera kwepamusoro roughness yekukuya kweblade, Kunyanya kushanda zvakanaka, Zvisineyi, kugona kusunga kwezvimedu kunoita kuti kuzvirodza kuve murombo, Uye kuchekwa kuri nyore kusiya gap rinokanganisa, Kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba kwemahombekombe; Ceramic binder diamond grinding vhiri rine simba riri pakati nepakati, Yakanaka kuzvisimudzira kuita, Mamwe mapores emukati, Favfor kubvisa guruva uye kupisa kupisa, Inogona kuchinjika kune dzakasiyana siyana inotonhorera, iyo yakaderera grinding tembiricha, Gumbo rekukuya harina kupera, Kuchengeta chimiro chakanaka, Kurongeka kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro, Zvisinei, muviri wedhaimondi unotungamira pachigayo uye kuumbwa. Shandisa zvinoenderana nekugadzirisa zvinhu, yakazara kugaya kunyatsoita, abrasive durability uye pamusoro pemhando yeworkpiece.
Tsvagiridzo yekushanda kwekugaya inonyanya kutarisisa mukuvandudza goho nekudzora mutengo. Kazhinji, chiyero chekukuya Q (PCD kubviswa pane imwe nguva yeyuniti) uye kupfeka reshiyo G (chiyero chePCD kubviswa kusvika pakukuya vhiri kurasikirwa) zvinoshandiswa senzira yekuongorora.
Nyanzvi yeGerman KENTER ichikuya PCD chishandiso nekumanikidza nguva dzose, bvunzo: ① inowedzera kumhanya kwevhiri, PDC particle size uye inotonhorera kudzikamisa, chiyero chekukuya uye chiyero chekupfeka chakaderedzwa; ② inowedzera saizi yekukuya, inowedzera kudzvanywa nguva dzose, inowedzera kuwanda kwedhaimondi muguyo rekukuya, chiyero chekukuya uye kuwedzera kweyeyero yekupfeka; ③ binder mhando yakasiyana, chiyero chekukuya uye chekupfeka chakasiyana. KENTER Iyo blade grinding process yePCD chishandiso yakadzidzwa zvakarongeka, asi pesvedzero yekukuya kweblade haina kuongororwa zvakarongeka.
3. Kushandisa uye kukundikana kwePCD yekucheka zvishandiso
(1) Kusarudzwa kwechishandiso chekucheka ma paramita
Munguva yekutanga yePCD chishandiso, muromo wakapinza wakapinza zvishoma nezvishoma, uye machining emhando yepamusoro akava nani. Passivation inogona kunyatso bvisa iyo micro gap uye madiki burrs akaunzwa neblade kugaya, kuvandudza pamusoro pemhando yekucheka kumucheto, uye panguva imwe chete, kuumba denderedzwa remupendero radius kusvina uye kugadzirisa iyo yakagadziriswa nzvimbo, nekudaro ichivandudza kunaka kweiyo workpiece.
PCD chishandiso pamusoro pekugaya aluminium alloy, kucheka kumhanya kunowanzo mu 4000m / min, kugadzirwa kwegomba kunowanzo mu800m / min, kugadzirwa kweyakakwira elastic-plastiki isiri-ferrous simbi kunofanira kutora yakakwirira kutendeuka kumhanya (300-1000m / min). Vhoriyamu yekudya inowanzokurudzirwa pakati pe0.08-0.15mm/r. Yakanyanya kukura vhoriyamu yekudya, yakawedzera simba rekucheka, yakawedzera yakasara geometric nzvimbo ye workpiece pamusoro; kudiki kwazvo vhoriyamu yekudya, yakawedzera kupisa kupisa, uye kuwedzera kupfeka. Kudzika kwekucheka kunowedzera, simba rekucheka rinowedzera, kupisa kwekucheka kunowedzera, hupenyu hunoderera, kudzika kwekucheka kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kuparara kweblade nyore nyore; kudzika kudiki kwekucheka kunotungamira mukuomesa machining, kupfeka uye kunyange kudonha kweblade.
(2) Pfeka chimiro
Chishandiso chekugadzirisa workpiece, nekuda kwekukweshana, kupisa kwakanyanya uye zvimwe zvikonzero, kupfeka hazvidzivisike. Kupfeka kwechishandiso chedhaimani kune matanho matatu: yekutanga kukurumidza kupfeka chikamu (inozivikanwawo sechikamu cheshanduko), yakagadzika nhanho yekupfeka ine chiyero chekupfeka chinogara chiripo, uye chinotevera chinokurumidza kupfeka chikamu. Kukurumidza kupfeka chikamu kunoratidza kuti chishandiso hachishande uye chinoda kugaya zvakare. Kupfeka mafomu ekucheka maturusi anosanganisira anonamira kupfeka (inotonhora welding kupfeka), diffusion kupfeka, abrasive kupfeka, oxidation kupfeka, nezvimwe.
Yakasiyana nemidziyo yechinyakare, iyo yekupfeka fomu yePCD maturusi anonamira kupfeka, diffusion kupfeka uye polycrystalline layer kukuvara. Pakati pavo, kukuvadzwa kwepolycrystal layer ndicho chikonzero chikuru, icho chinoratidzwa sekudonha kweblade kusinganzwisisike kunokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwekunze kana kurasikirwa kweadhesive muPDC, kuumba gap, iro rinova remuviri kukuvara kwemagetsi, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kuderedzwa kwekugadzirisa kurongeka uye zvimedu zvebasa. PCD particle size, blade fomu, blade Angle, workpiece zvinhu uye kugadzirisa parameters zvinokanganisa blade blade simba uye simba rekucheka, uye zvino kukonzera kukanganisa kwe polycrystal layer. Muchiito cheinjiniya, iyo yakakodzera mbishi particle saizi, maturusi paramita uye maparamendi ekugadzirisa anofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekugadzirisa.
4. Kuvandudza maitiro ePCD yekucheka zvishandiso
Parizvino, huwandu hwekushandisa kwePCD chishandiso chakawedzerwa kubva kushanduko yechinyakare kuenda kuchera, kugaya, kucheka-kumhanya, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Kukurumidza kusimukira kwemotokari dzemagetsi hakuna kungounza kukanganisa kuindasitiri yemotokari yechinyakare, asi zvakare kwakaunza zvimhingamipinyi zvisati zvamboitika kuindasitiri yezvishandiso, zvichikurudzira indasitiri yezvishandiso kuti ikurumidze kugadzirisa uye hunyanzvi.
Iko kushandiswa kwakakura kwePCD yekucheka maturusi kwakadzika uye kwakasimudzira kutsvagisa nekuvandudza kwekucheka maturusi. Nekudzika kwekutsvagisa, zvirevo zvePDC zviri kuita zvidiki uye zvidiki, kukwenenzverwa kwemhando yezviyo, kufanana kwekuita, chiyero chekukuya uye reshiyo yekupfeka iri pamusoro nepamusoro, chimiro uye chimiro chakasiyana. Nzira dzekutsvagisa dzematurusi ePCD dzinosanganisira: ① kutsvagisa nekugadzira yakatetepa PCD layer; ② kutsvagisa uye kugadzira mitsva yePCD zvishandiso zvekushandisa; ③ tsvakiridzo kune zvirinani welding PCD maturusi uye kuwedzera kuderedza mutengo; ④ kutsvagisa kunonatsiridza PCD chishandiso chekukuya maitiro ekuvandudza kugona; ⑤ tsvagiridzo inogonesa PCD chishandiso paramita uye inoshandisa maturusi zvinoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo; ⑥ tsvakurudzo zvine musoro inosarudza kucheka paramita zvinoenderana neyakagadziriswa zvinhu.
pfupiso pfupi
(1) PCD chishandiso chekucheka mashandiro, gadzirisa kushomeka kweakawanda maturusi ecarbide; panguva imwecheteyo, mutengo wakaderera zvikuru pane imwe chete crystal diamond tool, mukucheka kwemazuva ano, chinhu chinovimbisa;
(2) Zvinoenderana nerudzi uye mashandiro ezvishandiso zvakagadziriswa, sarudzo inonzwisisika yehukuru hwechikamu uye paramita yePCD maturusi, inova nhanho yekugadzira maturusi uye kushandiswa,
(3) PCD zvinhu zvine hurema hwakanyanya, inova chinhu chakakodzera chekucheka banga, asi zvakare inounza kuoma kwekucheka maturusi ekugadzira. Paunenge uchigadzira, kunyatso funga nezve kuoma kwemaitiro uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa, kuitira kuti uwane yakanakisa mutengo kuita;
(4) PCD yekugadzira zvinhu mudunhu rebanga, isu tinofanirwa kusarudza zvine musoro kucheka maparamendi, pahwaro hwekusangana nekuita kwechigadzirwa, nepatinogona napo kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yechishandiso kuti tiwane kuenzana kwehupenyu hwechishandiso, kugona kugadzira uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa;
(5) Tsvagurudza uye gadzira nyowani PCD chishandiso chekushandisa kukunda matambudziko ayo ekuzvarwa
Ichi chinyorwa chakatorwa kubva ku "superhard material network"
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-25-2025
