Sezvo kugadzira zvinhu kuchichinja zvakanyanya, kukura nekukurumidza mumunda wesimba rakachena uye semiconductor uye photovoltaic indasitiri, nekushanda kwepamusoro uye kugona kwakanyanya kugadzirisa maturusi emadhaimani kuri kuwedzera kudiwa, asi upfu hwedhaimani hwekugadzira sechinhu chakakosha, dhaimani county uye simba rekubata matrix harisi rakasimba, hupenyu hwematurusi ekutanga ecarbide hahuna kureba. Kuti matambudziko aya agadziriswe, indasitiri inowanzo tora dhaimani powder surface coating nezvinhu zvesimbi, kuvandudza hunhu hwayo hwepamusoro, kuwedzera kugara kwenguva refu, kuitira kuti kuvandudza mhando yemudziyo.
Nzira yekupenda pamusoro pemadhaimani ine zvakawanda, kusanganisira makemikari akafukidzwa, electroplating, magnetron sputtering plating, vacuum evaporation plating, kupisa kuputika, nezvimwewo, kusanganisira makemikari akafukidzwa uye akafukidzwa nemaitiro akakura, yunifomu plating, inogona kudzora zvakarurama chimiro che glazing uye ukobvu, zvakanakira zve customized plating, yave tekinoroji inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri.
1. kuputira makemikari
Kuputira makemikari edhaimani nehupfu hwedhaimani kunosanganisira kuisa hupfu hwedhaimani hwakagadziriswa mumushonga wemakemikari, uye kuisa maion esimbi mumushonga wekubatanidza kuburikidza nekushanda kwemushonga wekuderedza mumushonga wemakemikari, zvichiita kuti pave nesimbi yakakora. Parizvino, dhaimani inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira makemikari ndeye chemical nickel plating-phosphorus (Ni-P) binary alloy inowanzonzi chemical nickel plating.
01 Kuumbwa kwemhinduro yemakemikari ye nickel plating
Kuumbwa kwemushonga we chemical plating kune simba guru pakufambira mberi kwakapfava, kugadzikana uye kunaka kwekuputira kwemakemikari ayo. Kazhinji ine munyu mukuru, chinhu chinodzikisa, chinogadzirisa, chinogadzirisa, chinogadzirisa, chinogadzirisa, chinogadzirisa, chinogadzirisa zvinhu nezvimwe zvinhu. Chikamu chechikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kugadziriswa nokungwarira kuti chiwane mhedzisiro yakanaka yekuputira.
1, munyu mukuru: kazhinji nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel amino sulfonic acid, nickel carbonate, nezvimwewo, basa rayo guru nderekupa nickel source.
2. Mushonga unobvisa simba: unonyanya kupa atomu hydrogen, unoderedza Ni2 + mu plating solution muNi uye unoiisa pamusoro pemadhaimani, inova ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mu plating solution. Muindasitiri, sodium secondary phosphate ine simba rakasimba rekudzikisa simba, mutengo wakaderera uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kwe plating ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa semushonga unodzikisa simba. Sisitimu yekudzikisa simba inogona kuita chemical plating pakupisa kwakaderera uye pakupisa kwakakwira.
3, chinhu chakaoma: mushonga wekufukidza unogona kukonzera kunaya kwemvura, kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemushonga wekufukidza, kuwedzera hupenyu hwemushonga wekuputira, kuvandudza kumhanya kwekuisa nickel, kuvandudza mhando yemushonga wekuputira, kazhinji kushandisa succinin acid, citric acid, lactic acid nedzimwe organic acids nemunyu wadzo.
4. Zvimwe zvikamu: stabilizer inogona kudzivirira kuora kwe plating solution, asi nekuti ichakanganisa kuitika kwe chemical plating reaction, inoda kushandiswa zvine mwero; buffer inogona kugadzira H + panguva ye chemical nickel plating reaction kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti pH inogara yakagadzikana; surfactant inogona kuderedza coating porosity.
02 Maitiro ekugadzira nickel nemakemikari
Kuisa makemikari mu sodium hypophosphate system kunoda kuti matrix ive nechinhu chinoita kuti ishande zvakanaka, uye pamusoro pedhaimani pacharo hapana nzvimbo inoita kuti ishande zvakanaka, saka inofanira kugadziriswa usati waisa makemikari muupfu hwedhaimani. Nzira yechinyakare yekuisa makemikari muupfu ndeyekubvisa mafuta, kuomesa, kuaita kuti ishande zvakanaka uye kuita kuti ishande zvakanaka.
(1) Kubvisa mafuta, kukora: Kubvisa mafuta kunonyanya kuitirwa kubvisa mafuta, mavara nezvimwe zvinosvibisa pamusoro peupfu hwedhaimani, kuitira kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kukora kwacho kwakabatana uye kushanda zvakanaka kwejira rinotevera. Kukora kunogona kugadzira makomba madiki nemakatsemuka pamusoro pedhaimani, kuwedzera kuomarara kwedhaimani pamusoro, izvo zvisingangobatsiri chete kuti ioni dzesimbi dzinyungudike panzvimbo iyi, kuita kuti makemikari anyungudike uye kukora kwemagetsi kutevere, asiwo kugadzira matanho pamusoro pedhaimani, zvichipa mamiriro akanaka ekukura kwemakemikari anyungudike kana electroplating metal deposition layer.
Kazhinji, danho rekubvisa mafuta rinowanzo tora NaOH neimwe mhinduro yealkaline semhinduro yekubvisa mafuta, uye padanho rekuita kuti mafuta acho anyatsonaka, nitric acid neimwe mhinduro yeacid inoshandiswa semhinduro yemakemikari isina kuchena kuti icheke pamusoro pedhaimani. Pamusoro pezvo, izvi zvinongedzo zviviri zvinofanirwa kushandiswa nemuchina wekuchenesa we ultrasonic, izvo zvinobatsira kuvandudza kushanda kwekubvisa uye kupwanya mafuta edhaimani, kuchengetedza nguva mukubvisa uye kupwanya mafuta, uye kuona kuti kubviswa kwemafuta kunoshanda sei uye kutaura kwakashata.
(2) Kusimbisa uye kushanda: nzira yekukurudzira uye kushanda ndiyo danho rakakosha zvikuru mukuita kwese kwekugadzira makemikari, izvo zvine chekuita zvakananga nekuti makemikari anogona here kuitwa. Kusimbisa ndeyekunyudza zvinhu zviri nyore kuoxidized pamusoro peupfu hwedhaimani husina kugona kwega kwega. Kusimbisa ndeyekunyudza oxidation yehypophosphoric acid uye catalytically active metal ions (senge metal palladium) pakuderedzwa kwe nickel particles, kuitira kuti kukurumidze mwero wekuisa coating pamusoro peupfu hwedhaimani.
Kazhinji, nguva yekurapa kwekunzwa nekumutsa ipfupi kwazvo, kuumbwa kwesimbi yedhaimani pamusoro pe palladium hakukwani, kunyudzwa kwejira hakukwani, jira rekufukidza riri nyore kudonha kana kuti rakaoma kugadzira jira rakakwana, uye nguva yekurapa yakareba kwazvo, zvichaita kuti palladium point point isashande zvakanaka, saka, nguva yakanakisa yekurapa kwekunzwa nekumutsa imaminitsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu.
(3) Kuisa nickel mumakemikari: maitiro ekuisa nickel mumakemikari haangokanganisirwi nekuumbwa kwemushonga wekuputira chete, asiwo anokanganiswa nekupisa kwemushonga wekuputira uye kukosha kwePH. Kuisa nickel mumakemikari wepamusoro wetsika, tembiricha yese ichave iri mu80 ~ 85℃, inopfuura 85℃ zviri nyore kukonzera kuora kwemushonga wekuputira, uye patembiricha iri pasi pe85℃, chiyero chekupindura chinokurumidza. PaPH kukosha, sezvo pH ichiwedzera chiyero chekuisa coating chichakwira, asi pH ichaitawo kuti nickel salt sediment formation idzivirire chiyero chekupindura kwemakemikari, saka mukuita kwekuisa nickel mumakemikari nekuvandudza chimiro chemushonga wekuputira mumakemikari uye chiyero, mamiriro ekuita kwekuisa makemikari, kudzora chiyero chekuisa coating mumakemikari, huwandu hwekuputira, kuramba kwekuora, nzira yekuputira density, coating diamond powder kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekusimudzira maindasitiri.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuputira kamwe chete kunogona kusasvika pakukora kwakakodzera kwekuputira, uye panogona kunge paine mabhuru, maburi ane maburi nezvimwe zvikanganiso, saka kuputira kwakawanda kunogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kunaka kwekuputira uye kuwedzera kupararira kweupfu hwedhaimani hwakaputirwa.
2. electro nickelling
Nekuda kwekuvapo kwephosphorus muchikamu chekufukidza mushure mekuputirwa kwenickel nemakemikari edhaimani, zvinotungamira mukusashanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi, izvo zvinokanganisa maitiro ekuisa jecha muchishandiso chedhaimani (maitiro ekugadzirisa zvidimbu zvedhaimani pamusoro pematrix), saka chikamu chekuputirwa chisina phosphorus chinogona kushandiswa munzira yekuputirwa kwenickel. Basa chairo nderekuisa upfu hwedhaimani mumhinduro yekuputirwa ine nickel ions, zvidimbu zvedhaimani zvichisangana ne power negative electrode mu cathode, nickel metal block yakanyudzwa mu plating solution uye yakabatana ne power positive electrode kuti ive anode, kuburikidza ne electrolytic action, ma free nickel ions mu coating solution anoderedzwa kuita maatomu pamusoro pedhaimani, uye maatomu anokura kuita coating.
01 Kuumbwa kwemhinduro yekuisa plating
Kufanana ne chemical plating solution, electroplating solution inonyanya kupa ma ions esimbi anodiwa pa electroplating process, uye inodzora nickel deposition process kuti iwane simbi inodiwa. Zvikamu zvayo zvikuru zvinosanganisira main salt, anode active agent, buffer agent, additives nezvimwewo.
(1) Munyu mukuru: kunyanya kushandisa nickel sulfate, nickel amino sulfonate, nezvimwewo. Kazhinji, kuwanda kwemunyu mukuru, kupararira kwemvura mu plating solution kunokurumidza, kushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi, mwero wekuisa simbi mu plating solutions unowedzera, asi zvidimbu zvekufukidza zvinova zvakaoma, uye kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemunyu mukuru, kukwira kwemvura mu plating conductivity kwakawedzera, uye kuoma kudzora.
(2) Anode active agent: nekuti anode iri nyore kupfapfaidza, iri nyore kusvika pakutadza kufambisa, zvichikanganisa kufanana kwekugoverwa kwemagetsi, saka zvakakosha kuwedzera nickel chloride, sodium chloride nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa seanodic activator kukurudzira anode activation, kuvandudza huwandu hwemagetsi eanode passivation.
(3) Mushonga weBuffer: kufanana nemushonga wemakemikari wekuisa jira, mushonga webuffer unogona kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemushonga wekuisa jira uye pH ye cathode, kuitira kuti ugone kuchinja-chinja mukati mehuwandu hunobvumirwa hwemushonga wekuisa jira. Mushonga webuffer unowanzo shandiswa une boric acid, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate nezvimwewo.
(4) Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa: zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nejira rekufukidza, wedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwechinhu chinopenya, chinhu chinoenzanisa, chinhu chinonyorovesa uye chinhu chakasiyana-siyana nezvimwe zvinowedzerwa kuti uwedzere kunaka kwejira rekufukidza.
02 Kuyerera kwenickel yakagadzirwa nemagetsi nedhaimani
1. Kugadzirira usati waisa jira: dhaimani hariwanzo fambisa mvura, uye rinofanira kuiswa jira resimbi kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira dzekuisa jira. Nzira yekuisa jira remakemikari inowanzo shandiswa kuisa jira resimbi nekukora, saka mhando yekuisa jira remakemikari inokanganisa mhando yekuisa jira kusvika pamwero wakati. Kazhinji, huwandu hwephosphorus mujira mushure mekuisa jira remakemikari hune simba guru pamhando yekuisa jira, uye phosphorus yakawanda inodzivirira ngura zviri nani munzvimbo ine acidic, pamusoro pekuisa jira pane bundu rakawanda, kuomarara kukuru pamusoro uye hapana simba remagineti; phosphorus yepakati inodzivirira ngura uye inodzivirira kupfeka; phosphorus yakaderera inodzivirira ngura zviri nani.
Pamusoro pezvo, kana saizi yehupfu hwedhaimani idiki, nzvimbo chaiyo yepamusoro inokura, kana ichiputirwa, zviri nyore kuyerera mumushonga wekuisa dhaimani, ichaburitsa kubuda kwemvura, kuputirwa, kuputirwa kwedhaimani, usati waisa dhaimani, unofanirwa kudzora huwandu hweP uye kunaka kwekuputirwa, kudzora conductivity uye density yehupfu hwedhaimani kuti uvandudze hupfu huri nyore kuyerera.
2, nickel plating: parizvino, diamond powder plating inowanzoshandisa nzira yekumonera, kureva kuti, huwandu hwakakodzera hwe electroplating solution hunowedzerwa mubhodhoro, huwandu hwakati hwe artificial diamond powder mu electroplating solution, kuburikidza nekutenderera kwebhodhoro, inotyaira diamond powder mubhodhoro kuti imonere. Panguva imwe chete, positive electrode yakabatana ne nickel block, uye negative electrode yakabatana ne artificial diamond powder. Pasi pekushanda kwemagetsi, nickel ions dzisina mu plating solution dzinoumba metal nickel pamusoro pe artificial diamond powder. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ine matambudziko ekusashanda zvakanaka kwe coating uye uneven coating, saka rotating electrode method yakatanga kuvapo.
Nzira yekutenderera yeelectrode ndeyekutenderedza cathode mu diamond powder plating. Nenzira iyi inogona kuwedzera nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pe electrode ne diamond particles, kuwedzera conductivity yakafanana pakati pe diamond particles, kuvandudza kusaenzana kwe coating, uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwe diamond nickel plating.
pfupiso pfupi
Sechinhu chikuru chekushandisa madhaimani, kugadziriswa kwepoda yedhaimani micropowder inzira yakakosha yekuwedzera simba rekudzora matrix uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwebasa remadhaimani. Kuti zvivandudze mwero wekutakura kwejecha kwezvishandiso zvedhaimani, jira renickel nephosphorus rinogona kuiswa pamusoro pepoda yedhaimani micropowder kuti rive ne conductivity yakati, uye wobva waita plating layer ne nickel plating, uye kuwedzera conductivity. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pamusoro pedhaimani pachayo hapana catalytic active centre, saka inoda kugadziriswa isati yaiswa chemical plating.
magwaro ekutarisa:
Liu Han. Ongororo pamusoro petekinoroji yekuputira pamusoro uye mhando yehupfu hwedhaimani rekugadzira [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Yang Biao, Yang Jun, naYuan Guangsheng. Ongororo pamusoro pemaitiro ekugadzirisa dhaimani pamusoro peganda [J]. Kugadzirisa nzvimbo yemuchadenga.
Li Jinghua. Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pekugadzirisa pamusoro uye kushandiswa kweupfu hwedhaimani hudiki hunoshandiswa pakucheka waya [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, nevamwe. Maitiro ekugadzira nickel yemakemikari pamusoro pedhaimani rekugadzira [J]. Chinyorwa cheIOL.
Nyaya iyi yakadhindwazve mu superhard material network
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-13-2025
