Sekugadzira kusvika kumagumo-shanduko, kukurumidza kusimudzira mumunda wesimba rakachena uye semiconductor uye photovoltaic indasitiri yekusimudzira, iine hunyanzvi hwekuita uye kugona kwakanyanya kugadzirisa kwedhaimondi maturusi ari kukura kudiwa, asi yekugadzira madhaimani poda seyakanyanya kukosha mbishi, diamond County uye iyo matrix inobata simba haina kusimba nyore kutanga carbide chishandiso hupenyu hahuna kureba. Kuti ugadzirise matambudziko aya, indasitiri inowanzo tora dhaimondi poda pamusoro pekuputira nezvinhu zvesimbi, kuvandudza hunhu hwayo hwepamusoro, kuwedzera kusimba, kuitira kuvandudza huwandu hwese hwechishandiso.
Iyo nzira yedhaimani poda yepamusoro yekuputira yakawedzera, kusanganisira kemikari plating, electroplating, magnetron sputtering plating, vacuum evaporation plating, kupisa kuputika kwekuita, nezvimwewo, kusanganisira kemikari yekuputira uye plating neyakakura maitiro, yunifomu yekuputira, inogona kunyatso kudzora kurongeka nekukora, zvakanakira zvekupfeka zvakajairwa, yave iyo indasitiri inonyanya kushandiswa tekinoroji.
1. kugadzirwa kwemakemikari
Dhaimondi poda kemikari yekupotera ndeyekuisa iyo yedhaimani yakagadziriswa poda mumushonga wekuputira kemikemikari, uye kuisa maion esimbi mumushonga wekupotera kuburikidza nekuita kwechinhu chinodzikisira mumushonga wekuputira kemikari, kugadzira simbi yakakora. Parizvino, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa yedhaimani kemikari plating ikemikari nickel plating-phosphorus (Ni-P) binary alloy inowanzonzi kemikari nickel plating.
01 Kuumbwa kwemakemikari nickel plating mhinduro
Iko kuumbwa kwemakemikari plating mhinduro ine simba rakasimba pakufambira mberi kwakatsetseka, kugadzikana uye kunaka kwekuputira kwemakemikari ayo maitiro. Inowanzo ine munyu mukuru, inoderedza mumiririri, yakaoma, buffer, stabilizer, accelerator, surfactant uye zvimwe zvikamu. Chiyero chechikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoda kunyatsogadziriswa kuti uwane iyo yakanakisa coating effect.
1, munyu mukuru: kazhinji nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel amino sulfonic acid, nickel carbonate, nezvimwewo, basa rayo guru nderekupa nickel sosi.
2. Reductive agent: inonyanya kupa atomic hydrogen, inoderedza Ni2 + mumushonga weplating muNi uye inoiisa pamusoro pezvikamu zvedhaimondi, iyo inonyanya kukosha mukugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa. Muindastiri, sodium yechipiri phosphate ine simba rakasimba rekudzikisa, mutengo wakaderera uye yakanaka plating kugadzikana inonyanya kushandiswa seyekudzikisa mumiririri. Iyo yekudzikisa sisitimu inogona kuwana makemikari plating pane yakaderera tembiricha uye yakakwirira tembiricha.
3, mumiriri wakaoma: mhinduro yekuputira inogona kunayisa kunaya, kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemhinduro yekuputira, kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yemhinduro yekuisa, kunatsiridza kukurumidza kwekuisa nickel, kunatsiridza kunaka kweiyo yekupfeka layer, kazhinji kushandisa succinin acid, citric acid, lactic acid uye mamwe organic acids nemunyu wavo.
4. Zvimwe zvikamu: iyo stabilizer inogona kudzivisa kuparara kwekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa, asi nokuti ichakanganisa kuitika kwemakemikari plating reaction, inoda kushandiswa kwepakati; iyo buffer inogona kuburitsa H + panguva yemakemikari nickel plating reaction kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderera kugadzikana kwepH; iyo surfactant inogona kuderedza coating porosity.
02 Iyo kemikari nickel-plating process
Iyo kemikari yekuisa yesodium hypophosphate system inoda kuti iyo matrix inofanirwa kuve neimwe inokonzeresa chiitiko, uye iyo dhaimondi pachayo haina catalytic chiitiko chepakati, saka inofanirwa kugadzirwa isati yaiswa kemikari yedhaimani poda. Iyo yechinyakare pretreatment nzira yemakemikari plating ndeyekubvisa oiri, coarsening, sensitization uye activation.
(1) Kubviswa kwemafuta, kukora: kubviswa kwemafuta kunonyanya kubvisa mafuta, mavara uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa organic pamusoro pehupfu hwedhaimondi, kuve nechokwadi chekuvhara kwepedyo uye kuita kwakanaka kweiyo inotevera yekuputira. Iko kukoromoka kunogona kuumba mamwe makomba madiki uye kuputika pamusoro pedhaimondi, kuwedzera kushata kwedhaimondi, izvo zvisingangoiti kuti adsorption yesimbi ion munzvimbo ino, kufambisa iyo inotevera kemikari plating uye electroplating, asi zvakare kugadzira matanho pamusoro pedhaimondi, ichipa mamiriro akanaka ekukura kwekemikari plating kana electroplating simbi dhizaini.
Kazhinji, danho rekubvisa oiri rinowanzotora iyo NaOH uye imwe alkaline mhinduro semhinduro yekubvisa oiri, uye kune nhanho yekukasira, iyo nitric acid uye imwe asidi mhinduro inoshandiswa seyakakora kemikari mhinduro yekuisa pamusoro pedhaimondi. Pamusoro pezvo, izvi zviviri zvinongedzo zvinofanirwa kushandiswa nea ultrasonic yekuchenesa muchina, uyo unobatsira kuvandudza kushanda kwedhaimondi poda kubviswa kwemafuta uye coarsening, kuchengetedza nguva mukubvisa oiri uye kuita coarsening maitiro, uye kuve nechokwadi mhedzisiro yekubvisa mafuta uye kutaura kwakaomarara,
(2) Sensitization uye activation: iyo sensitization uye activation maitiro ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nhanho mune yese kemikari plating process, iyo yakanangana nekuti iyo kemikari plating inogona kuitwa. Sensitization ndeye adsorb zviri nyore oxidized zvinhu pamusoro pedhaimondi poda iyo isina autocatalytic kugona. Iyo activation ndeye adsorb iyo oxidation yehypophosphoric acid uye catalytically active metal ions (senge simbi palladium) pakuderedzwa kwenickel particles, kuitira kuti ikurumidze kuisa chiyero chekupfeka pamusoro pedhaimondi poda.
Kazhinji kutaura, iyo sensitization uye activation yekurapa nguva ipfupi, iyo diamond pamusoro pesimbi palladium point kuumbwa ishoma, adsorption yekupfeka haina kukwana, coating layer iri nyore kudonha kana kunetsa kugadzira coating rakazara, uye nguva yekurapa yakarebesa, ichakonzera kupera kwepalladium point, saka, nguva yakanakisa yekukurudzira uye activation.
(3) Kemikari nickel plating: iyo kemikari nickel plating process haingokanganisike nekuumbwa kweiyo yekuputira mhinduro, asi zvakare inobatwa neiyo yekubikira mhinduro tembiricha uye PH kukosha. Yechinyakare yakakwira tembiricha yekemikari nickel plating, tembiricha yakajairika ichave iri mu80 ~ 85 ℃, kupfuura 85 ℃ nyore kukonzera kuora kweiyo plating mhinduro, uye pazasi kupfuura 85 ℃ tembiricha, iyo inokurumidza kuita mwero. Pamusoro pePH kukosha, sezvo pH inowedzera coating deposition rate ichakwira, asi pH inokonzeresa nickel munyu sediment kuumbwa inhibit chemical reaction rate, saka mukuita kemikari nickel plating nekugadzirisa kemikari plating solution kuumbwa uye ratio, kemikari plating process mamiriro, kudzora kemikari yekuputira deposition rate, coating density, coating density yehupfu nzira yekusangana nekugadzirwa kwedhaimondi, coating density resistance, coating corrosion development.
Pamusoro pezvo, chipfeko chimwe chete chinogona kusakwanisa kuzadzisa kukora kwakakodzera, uye panogona kunge paine mabhubhu, mapini uye humwe hurema, saka kupfekedza kwakawanda kunogona kutorwa kuvandudza kunaka kwekuputira uye kuwedzera kupararira kweupfu hwedhaimani.
2. electro nickling
Nekuda kwekuvapo kwephosphorous mumucheka wekuputira mushure medhaimondi kemikari nickel plating, inotungamira kune isina kunaka magetsi conductivity, iyo inokanganisa jecha kurodha maitiro edhaimondi chishandiso (maitiro ekugadzirisa madhaimondi particles pamusoro pematrix pamusoro), saka plating layer isina phosphorus inogona kushandiswa nenzira yenickel plating. Iyo chaiyo mashandiro ndeyekuisa dhaimondi poda mune yekubikira mhinduro ine nickel ions, madhaimondi zvidimbu zvinosangana neiyo simba negative electrode mucathode, nickel simbi block yakanyudzwa muplating solution uye yakabatana nepower positive electrode kuti ive anode, kuburikidza neelectrolytic action, iyo yemahara nickel ions mumhinduro yekupotera inoderedzwa kuita maatomu ari pamusoro pedhaimani inokura mudhaimani.
01 Kuumbwa kweiyo plating mhinduro
Kufanana nekemikari yekuisa mhinduro, iyo electroplating mhinduro inonyanya kupa iyo inodiwa simbi ions ye electroplating process, uye inodzora nickel deposition process kuti iwane inodiwa simbi coating. Zvikamu zvaro zvikuru zvinosanganisira munyu mukuru, anode active agent, buffer agent, additives nezvimwe.
(1) Munyu mukuru: kunyanya kushandisa nickel sulfate, nickel amino sulfonate, etc. Kazhinji, iyo yakanyanya kunyura munyu, kukurumidza kupararira mukugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa, kuwedzera kwekushanda kwemazuva ano, chiyero chesimbi chekuisa, asi zviyo zvekuputira zvichave zvakakomba, uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwemunyu, iyo yakaipisisa conductivity yekuputira, uye yakaoma kudzora.
(2) Anode inoshanda mumiriri: nekuti iyo anode iri nyore kuita passivation, nyore kune murombo conductivity, inokanganisa kufanana kwekugovera ikozvino, saka zvakakosha kuwedzera nickel chloride, sodium chloride uye mamwe maajenti seanodic activator kukurudzira anode activation, kuvandudza density ikozvino yeanode passivation.
(3) Buffer agent: senge kemikari yeplating solution, mumiriri webuffer anogona kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemushonga weplating uye cathode pH, kuitira kuti igone kuchinjika mukati meiyo inotenderwa yemaitiro e electroplating. Common buffer agent ine boric acid, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate uye zvichingodaro.
4
02 Diamond electroplated nickel kuyerera
1. pretreatment before plating: dhaimondi hariwanzo fambisa, uye rinoda kuputirwa nesimbi kuburikidza nemamwe maitiro ekuputira. Kemikari plating nzira inowanzo shandiswa kufanoisa simbi yesimbi uye kukora, saka mhando yekemikari yekuputira inokanganisa kunaka kweiyo plating layer kune imwe nhanho. Kazhinji kutaura, zviri mukati phosphorous mukupfapfaidza pashure kemikari plating ine simba guru pamhando yekupfekedza, uye iyo yakakwirira phosphorus coating ine zviri nani kuputika kwekudzivirira munzvimbo ine acidic, nzvimbo yekuputira ine bulge yakawanda, kushata kukuru uye kusina magnetic property; iyo yepakati phosphorus coating ine zvese corrosion kuramba uye kupfeka kuramba; iyo yakaderera phosphorus coating ine zviri nani conductivity.
Uye zvakare, iyo diki saizi yehupfu hwedhaimondi, iyo yakakura iyo chaiyo nzvimbo, kana yakaputirwa, iri nyore kuyangarara mumushonga weplating, inoburitsa kuvuza, plating, kupfekedza yakasununguka layer phenomenon, isati yaputirwa, inoda kudzora iyo P yemukati uye yekuputira mhando, kudzora conductivity uye density yedhaimondi poda kuvandudza hupfu huri nyore kuyangarara.
2, nickel plating: pari zvino, dhaimondi poda yeplating inowanzotora nzira yekumonera yekuturika, kureva kuti, huwandu hwakakodzera hwemhinduro ye electroplating inowedzerwa mubhodhoro, imwe huwandu hwehupfu hwedhaimondi hwekugadzira mumhinduro ye electroplating, kuburikidza nekutenderera kwebhodhoro, tyaira hupfu hwedhaimondi mubhodhoro kuti uumburuke. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakanaka electrode yakabatana neiyo nickel block, uye iyo yakaipa electrode yakabatana neyakagadzirwa diamond powder. Pasi pekuita kwemunda wemagetsi, nickel ions isina mugadziro weplating inoumba nickel yesimbi pamusoro pehupfu hwedhaimondi. Nekudaro, iyi nzira ine matambudziko ekushomeka kwekushomeka uye kusaenzana kupfekedza, saka iyo inotenderera electrode nzira yakatanga.
Iyo inotenderera electrode nzira ndeyekutenderedza cathode mudhaimani poda plating. Iyi nzira inogona kuwedzera nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pe electrode nedhaimani zvimedu, kuwedzera yunifomu conductivity pakati pezvimedu, kuvandudza kusaenzana chiitiko chekupotera, uye kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwedhaimondi nickel plating.
pfupiso pfupi
Seyakanyanya maturusi emidziyo yedhaimondi, kugadziridzwa kwepamusoro kwedhaimondi micropowder inzira yakakosha yekusimudzira simba rekutonga matrix uye kugadzirisa hupenyu hwesevhisi yezvishandiso. Kuti uvandudze jecha rekurodha chiyero chemidziyo yedhaimondi, dhizaini ye nickel uye phosphorus inogona kazhinji kuputirwa pamusoro pedhaimani micropowder kuti ive neimwe conductivity, uye wobva wakora plating layer ne nickel plating, uye kuwedzera conductivity. Nekudaro, izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo madhaimondi pachayo haina catalytic inoshanda nzvimbo, saka inoda kugadzirwa pamberi pemakemikari plating.
referensi zvinyorwa:
Liu Han. Kudzidzira pamusoro peiyo yekubatisa tekinoroji uye mhando yeanogadzira madhaimondi micro poda [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Yang Biao, Yang Jun, uye Yuan Guangsheng. Kudzidza nezve pretreatment process yedhaimondi pamusoro pekuisa [J]. Space space standardization.
Li Jinghua. Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pekushandurwa kwepamusoro uye kushandiswa kwedhaimani diki diki poda inoshandiswa pawaya saw [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, et al. Kemikari nickel plating process yeartificial diamond surface [J]. Nyaya yeIOL.
Ichi chinyorwa chakadhindwa zvakare mune superhard material network
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-13-2025
